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Vatican City - overview:
Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the Middle East, terrorism, the failing health of Pope JOHN PAUL II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.
Economy - overview:
This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual contribution from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world, as well as by special collections (known as Peter's Pence); the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; fees for admission to museums; and the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.
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- Blessed Alcuin
- Blessed Alcuin Works
- Blessed John Dominici
- Blessed John Dominici Works
- Blessed Julian of Norwich
- Blessed Julian of Norwich Works
| | | |  | A Revelation of Love - In Middle English, edited by Marion Glasscoe. Searchable. At the University of Michigan.
|  | Revelations of Divine Love - A classic of English mysticism, the fruit of twenty years' meditation. Edited by Grace Warrack. In HTML, with notes.
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- Blessed Rabanus Maurus
- Forty Martyrs of Sebaste
| | | |  | Forty Armenian Martyrs - Details on the story of the Forty Martyrs, who died near Sebaste in 320.
|  | Forty Martyrs - Article in the Catholic Encyclopedia about this group of soldiers who, for professing Christianity, were ordered by the prefect to lie naked on a frozen lake. One of these threw himself into a warm bath which had been set up for defectors, but one of the guards was so impressed with the others that he declared himself a Christian and died with them. Early fourth century.
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- Four Crowned Martyrs
| | | |  | Catholic Encyclopedia: Four Crowned Martyrs - The Four Crowned Martyrs are actually two groups, with a total of nine or ten martyrs. The first five were masons or sculptors in Pannonia, martyred in 305. The second was a group of four martyrs, names unknown. They have been venerated since the fourth century and share a feast day on 8 November.
|  | For All the Saints: Four Crowned Martyrs - Katherine I. Rabenstein attempts to sort out the claimants to the title of the Four Crowned Martyrs.
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- Government
- Government Embassies and Consulates Abroad
- Government Embassies and Consulates Foreign
- History
- Holy Innocents
- Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln
- Maps and Views
- Popes
- Popes Alexander VII
- Popes Benedict XIV
- Popes Benedict XIV Works
- Popes Benedict XV
- Popes Benedict XV Works
- Popes Benedict XVI
- Popes Benedict XVI Works
- Popes John Paul I
- Popes John Paul II
- Popes John Paul II Works
- Popes Leo XIII
- Popes Leo XIII Works
- Popes Papal Election
- Popes Paul VI
- Popes Paul VI Works
- Popes Pius XI
- Popes Pius XI Works
- Popes Pius XII
- Popes Pius XII Works
- Popes Sergius III
- Saints
- Saints Abdon and Sennen
- Saints Agape, Chionia, and Irene
- Saints Barlaam and Josaphat
- Saints Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor, and Nazarius
- Saints Basilides, Tripos, and Companions
- Saints Chrysanthus and Daria
- Saints Cosmas and Damian
- Saints Crispin and Crispinian
- Saints Cyprian and Justina
- Saints Cyril and Methodius
- Saints Cyrus and John
- Saints Daniel, Elias, Isaias, Jeremy, and Samuel
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